Beaver Swims Up Waterfall

Systematic genetics swims forward elegantly

Sometimes when two (or more) genes are perturbed simultaneously, the organism exhibits a surprising property. This property may be a phenotype—either qualitative or quantitative—or the penetrance of a phenotype. This phenomenon, called genetic interaction, suggests that the interacting genes have related functions. Genetic interactions have shaped our understanding of almost every known biologi...

Waterfall ions

Waterfalls as sources of small charged aerosol particles L. Laakso, A. Hirsikko, T. Grönholm, M. Kulmala, A. Luts, and T.-E. Parts Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Tarto, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tarto, Estonia Received: 22 June 2006 – Accepted: 31 August 2006 – Published: 26 September 2006 Correspon...

Understanding Waterfall Plots

Author's disclosures of potential conflict of interest are found at the end of this article. C linical trials in oncology continue to offer hope for tumor control. Such hope intensifies as the rapidly advancing knowledge from molecular biology, genetics, and immunology is more readily applied to targeted therapies. The ability to discern genomic or genetic risks and likelihood of response on a ...

Waterfall vs. Agile Methodology

Actinoplanes Swims into the Molecular Age.

The survival strategy of Actinoplanes is fascinating from an evolutionary perspective, combining a short motile phase in an otherwise nonmotile, filamentous life cycle and the somewhat paradoxical concept of spores-normally thought of as a resting stage-that swim. In the first paper to report a molecular genetic analysis of development in Actinoplanes, the authors identify a key regulator of th...